Human Behaviour Is Learned Rather Than Based on Instinct Essay

This argument can be discussed also using the nature vs. nurture theory, it has been studied widely and there is evidence to support both sides of the argument. The nurture theory argues that human behaviour is the way is it because they were taught that way or grew up in that type of environment. *[1] ’Children raised in healthy, positive environments are more likely to grow into productive successful adults than children raised in negative, threatening environments.’ *[1] http://www.ehow.com/info_8337653_two-sides-nature-nurture-debate.html#ixzz26C7cfhp The nature theory argues that human behaviour is often based on their genetics. It’s argued that human behaviour is the result of inherited traits that people are born with. Even though a person would have experience and learnt things from other people, his/her nature or characteristics would not change. Some people might say we do not have ‘free will’ because our destinies have already been determined by our traits. A child may have a positive upbringing but genetics may show that the child may always be violent no matter what type of upbringing he/she has. Gender is a good example of nurture, although gender is determined by genetics, some people say that acting in appropriate ways for our gender is learnt. Boys are taught at a young age to generally be more masculine by playing competitive sports such as football or rugby. Girls are generally taught to be more feminine, by staying at home and learning how to cook and not participating in rough sports but to be more sensible. There also may be cases where girls have been more masculine and boys more feminine, but either way they have been shown how to behave rather than instinctively knowing. In later life boys or someone more masculine could do well with aggressive jobs such as lawyers, and girls or more feminine people could do well with jobs like nursing where sensitive qualities are needed. People are also different due to their social class, children will have different upbringings due to however many opportunities are available to them. Upper class children are more likely to have more open opportunities such as better colleges and universities, where as a child in middle class will have less opportunities due to lack of money or status.

Existentialism: Sartre’s Views Essay

Existentialism is a movement that focuses on the significance of human features and its primary effects in our life and in our society. Since we always interact in the society, this movement had explained certain social phenomena that are left unexplained by other sociological and psychological theory. Since we deal with the conscious minds of the people around us, such a theory would explain why some people chose to do certain things that we think should not. This movement values the importance of real and existing rather than the concept and abstract. Jean Paul Sarte is one of the pioneer philosophers who introduced this kind of theory. He is one of the best existentialist philosopher and also a writer who wrote novels and autobiography of some prominent people. His experiences in his childhood and early youth had given him experiences for him to be able to reach the point of discovering the importance of existentialism. One of his claims is that if a person chooses to perform some action, then that person affirms that the action is good. He believed that we consciously choose the way we act and our counter reactions in everything that we experience in our daily lives. He believed that because we choose to do that action, therefore, we accept the consequences of it, believing that this is the good for us. Since being good is relative, therefore, it answers the questions and doubts about the legality of such concept. He claimed that in every action that we did, we choose what we think is the best for us and the best for all. We do not choose the evil or something that will result in a massive negative effect in our society because of our capability to think rationally. He argued that we do not have the capability of choosing an absolute evil. Because we are aware of the possible consequences of every actions that we do, we consciously weigh the possible outcomes of every actions that we are doing for us to be able to have the best reaction towards a certain situation. Then, if we assume that every thing that we are doing is good, and we believe it is good, therefore, no one is doing the â€Å"wrong† thing. As Sartre is trying to point out, â€Å"goodness† is relative across different ideas and beliefs and concepts of it. And he extended an explanation to address these kinds of arguments that tackles the reason why there are people who we think that what they are doing is right while some will say that obviously, it is not. This will lead us to his next assumption that it is psychologically distressing to affirm the value of an action which cannot be universalized. This will answer the question of the effects of our basis in doing things that we think are good and for the better of all the concerned party. He added that it should be universalized, or in other words, should be applicable to different people in a society having different point of views in their life. If such action that we affirm that is something good and for the betterment of our community, therefore, this action will lead to social dysfunction and some functional problems of our society. So therefore, he is trying to point out that our action should be applicable to different people for it to have a higher value in the society. Or else, if such action have different connotations to different people, it will only produce distress to the minds of the people thinking that what they are doing is something worthwhile not only for them but also for the society they belong. In universalizing certain actions, we should take into consideration his claims about the existence of different beliefs wherein many of the people are trying to relate themselves in the way that their society identifies them. This would give us the idea of having different meanings attached to certain actions that most of the people take for granted that it is the best thing that they should do. But for us to attain this level of explanation in certain actions that they are doing, we should assess the possible outcome of it or the realistic result and consequences that was due to the unbalanced acceptance of different people to different actions and roles that we are portraying. If we will take his two claims about the level of goodness of an action and its universality, therefore, it proves his third claim that to choose an action that can not be universalized is an error, and there is a reason not to choose such an action. Since we are assuming that what we are doing is the good for us and for the society we have, we must take into consideration in choosing the action that we are supposed to do the acceptance of different people and different subculture of the society. We are aware that we have different meanings attached to certain actions that we are doing and at the same time, these meanings vary depend upon the cultural explanation that they are offering. This cultural diversity that we have in effect will consolidate a certain sets of norms that were accepted by every body or the majority of the community and brand those actions that lie behind the accepted cultural norms as immoral. One of the major effects of this claim is that whenever that we are doing something for our self that we claim that this action is the good for us and somehow will benefit the people around you, but the society thinks that your action is well outside the boundary of accepted cultural beliefs, then you will be classified as an immoral being that failed to conform to the rigid rules of the society. This is one of the thresholds of the claims of Sartre. Because of his belief that what we do is something that we think is the best for us and the value of the action should conform to the norms of different parts of the society for it to be universalized, therefore, if we failed in doing the action that will be accepted by majority of the people then this is an error in our part because we failed to recognize the importance and the consequences of the actions that we did. This in fact is a manifestation of our wanting of doing the best things that we think is fitted in the situation that we are in. If ever that we failed to recognize and to choose the action that will be universalized and instead, we did the things that will cause distress to some people, he also claimed that there is always a valid reason in choosing that kind of behavior. We did a behavior that was consciously chosen by us to portray the good side of the action that we did. But we can not remove the fact that because of the social factors that affect the symbols and meanings of certain things that we did, in result, it will lead to doing things according to our own biases and cultural knowledge that is most probably, our own definition of goodness. And aside from that, we can not remove the fact that we choose things according to what is beneficial to us and according to our preferences, thus, some actions that we did seem to be outside the limitations set by the other people. Facticity and Transcendence: Bad Faith One of the concepts that he believed is having a two dimension of human beings. Since the For-Itself focuses on the experiences that we had and is consciously aware to what is happening in the environment, it is divided into two parts that have different functions and significance to the contribution to our reaction formation in certain circumstances that we are involved in. The first is the facticity. This gives importance to the past scenarios of every situation and the present or the actual scenario itself. It has a conscious definition of the things that was happened in the past as well as the physical characteristics of the environment he is in. On the other hand, the transcendence is the ability to explore the future and to decide on making choices that will affect the possible outcome of our actions. This includes the negating of the actual scenario for us to be able to have the capacity to think the worst possible scenario and therefore, giving us a broader perspective in the situations that we are all in. Also, in contrast with the facticity which primarily based the decision on the actual facts, the transcendence takes into consideration the things that are not actually happening or the situations that are non-existent. He tackled about the three persons who failed to establish the connection between the facticity of their For-Itself and its transcendence. In effect, they experience different kind of consequences that is somehow dysfunctional in the way that it should happen. This is what he called bad faith. The first one is the woman on a date. She had defined her factical and transcendence state but he failed to set the connection between them. She moved back and forth in its structure and therefore defined different actions that had no relation with each other. In effect, her consciousness as being a beautiful object had hindered her to express and to give a credit to the actual feeling that her date had for her. She thought that her body is just a mere object of attraction but eventually, shifted to different focus like her future plans in life. This unstable situation of her being resulted to confusion of the meaning of the reactions and the situation itself. The second one is the waiter. In contrast to the woman on a date, the waiter totally failed to establish his transcendence and focused on the actual scenario. He defined himself as a bounded creature and has limited opportunities and capabilities. But in reality, his failure of establishing this part of his being had affected the way he understood the flow of life of the society. Because he already assumed that his current situation is fixed, he had suppressed his freedom to explore many things in life that in reality, he has the capability to do so. The last one he mentioned is the homosexual. This is the contrast of the waiter, where he failed t recognized his facticity. In result, he sensationalized his transcendence being and thought the whole actual scenario as non-existence or being a false happening. He does not accept the facts that he had several relationship and encounters with the same sex. This facts had modified his own perception on what he is doing and in effect, had produced a feeling of guilt. This feeling of guilt had resulted to the manifestation of his tolerance to his actual doings and gave reasons to him to continue his behavior. But in reality, his clam that he is not gay while his conscious mind knew that he is a gay, therefore is a sign of having a bad faith because of his false knowledge. Bad faith is somehow the manifestation of our failure to set up the fluid connection of the two, as discussed on the different situation of three different people, failure to do so will result to functional dysfunction and will be a great social phenomena. Existentialism: Heidegger’s Perspective On the other hand, another philosopher from Germany, Martin Heidegger, had introduced some theories about existentialism. He has a close affinity to the church and therefore based most of his works in metaphysical aspects. One of his major concepts is how the worldly characters defined itself within the world. His structure of societal activities is composed of many assignments and references that if splited, will define the ready-to-hand objects in contrast with presence-at-hand objects. Presence-to-hand involved mainly observing the natural phenomenon and basing everything to known facts. But, against the common notion of its equality, it has different moods that affect the presence of an object and mainly deal with the metaphysical aspects that tend to bring all the level down. For example, we had a chair. When the chair is broken, it exists as presence-to-hand and needs the immediate action like repair or replace. The importance of the object is seen not because of its mere existence but its practical use for our benefit. By the time that this chair is fixed, it will suddenly turn into ready-to-hand object. Ready-to-hand concept primarily deals with the things without considering its theoretical importance. Ready-to-hand literally is the things that are present as of the moment and is available for practical purposes. This happens when we have conscious ideas on what is going on in our environment and society. Therefore, this ready-to-hand experience gives us a top view of the physical things that we are seeing today. We value greatly not its metaphysical value but its practicality for us. Connecting the two concepts of being, based on Heidegger, ready-to-hand is a more primordial way of life. It does not mean that being primordial is primitive or ancient way. What he meant is this is the basic foundation of our perception of different entities that we had an interaction. These entities are primarily affected by the question of which is the ready-to-hand and presence-at-hand entity. Therefore, in finding dealing with our everyday experience of the two, the ready-to-hand serves as the first implication of the things that we see in our common days. We do things not because of its theoretical backgrounds but because we have to use such thing without thinking deeper. In addition, the ready-to-hand lead us to a broader understanding of our being, because we understood it not just by theoretical assumption but through our experiences, therefore giving the notion that we can fully understand the essence of being through what is everyday or common experience for everyone and what is close to their habits and behaviors. (Guignon & Pereboom, 2001) Existentialism gives primary importance to the existence of human essence and beings. Therefore, a critical analysis of our own beings is needed for us to be able to give explanation to the reasons of our own behaviors, attitude and way of life.

Intercultural Communication and Negotiation in Indochina (Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam) Essay

Under this chapter, explores three main sub-topic which is firstly is barriers to effective communication, secondly is approaches to successful international negotiations, and thirdly is being culturally intelligent in Indochina. The discussion of differences in communicative goals in an intercultural negotiation setting. Every country have their own cultural whether Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam in communication also negotiation. The processes by which they do so are different, and this difference makes it hard and face some difficulties in process of communication and to conclude an agreement which is, of course, the big differences in the process of intercultural communication and negotiation are reflected in the differences in communication goals that are follow by parties that involved. CONTENT Barriers to Affective Communication As kineberg (1965) highlight that â€Å"we find that culture differ widely from one another in the amount of emotional expression which is permitted. According to Klopf and Park (1982), the ways people communicate and interact, their language patterns, nonverbal (communication without use of spoken language, and transfer of meaning through means such as body language and use of physical space) models all are determined by culture. Figure 1: Intercultural communication model (Source: Samovar and Porter, 1997) As we seen at the figure, cross-cultural communication theory begins with the assumptions of cultural variations. These differences act as barriers to communication. The differences exist and knowing the potential effects on communication, the communicator will be more sensitive to the fact and adapt such differences. Here means, that communicators have to understand each other. Culture bound verbal and non verbal communication is non-verbal codes contain of body movements, facial expression, chronemics (time), proxemics (space), gestures, and Para language. Verbal communication displays non-verbal signs through emotion and speaking style as well as intonation, rhythm and others. CAMBODIA Cambodia is a collective society which means individuals take second place to the group whether this is the family, neighborhood or company. In such societies, etiquette and protocol guidelines are used to maintain a sense of common harmony, for example subtle communication style are employed in order to minimize the chances of causing offense to others. The concept of face ties in with this collective outlook. Protecting both one’s own and other’s face extremely important. Face can roughly be translated as a combination of honor, dignity and public reputation that is attributed to a person. face can be lost, given accrued. Need to aware of the mechanics of face to ensure they do not cause anyone to lose face as a result of unintentional actions. Face is lost when someone is criticized, embarrassed or exposed in public, it can be given by complimenting someone publicly for example for their business acumen or hospitality. LAOS Laos style in cultural of communication is they really highlight the importance of greetings and the rule surrounding the â€Å"wa†. They practice unspoken and implicit communication. Communication with people in Laos also need to caution, patient and humality. Laos also to emphasize social standards such as gift, business card, and dress code. And in communication process, you have to watch sensitive subject like politics, history and religion. And lastly, in Laos, it is rude for strangers to touch upon the head of the children where as in western countries it is way of showing affection. VIETNAM In Vietnam communication intercultural styles is personal relationship are required for successful business relationship. The initial meeting is viewed as an introductory meeting where you get to know one another. You should wait for your Vietnamese counterpart to raise the business subject. Many meetings are conducted in Vietnamese and to ensure you avoid any potential cross cultural miscommunications you will need a translator. Vietnamese put a higher value on keeping one’s word than on contracts. Never commit yourself verbally unless you are prepared to stand by your word. Communication and negotiations move at a slow and pace and patience will be necessary cross cultural attribute. It is important to speak to all stakeholders, which often includes government officials. When recommending a proposal, it is a good idea to offer several ways the other party could structure the deal. Vietnamese like to consider options. Vietnamese are skilled negotiators. Approaches to Successful International Negotiations In international negotiation, cultural preparation to understand different worlds is central to successful strategy and tactics. One theoretical model which may be useful for preparation before do the negotiation set out by Richard D.Lewis in his book â€Å"When Cultures Collide.† He divided cultures into three main categories as follows. Many cultures are a mix, but tend to dominate in one or two categories: The relative positions of cultures can be roughly arranged in a triangle, as a guide to which negotiation approaches may work best: For successful cross-cultural negotiation it helps to have a logical mental process encompassing which is a clear analytical model for interpreting cultural behavior and applying that model to manage cross-cultural interaction. A sharpened understanding of your own personal cultural profile, and how that fits into the global context of the triangle, in such as attitudes to truth, risk, time, power and others. Adaptation of personal communication style to different cultures expectations in negotiations, as for example in the use of logic, emotion, initiation versus reaction, simplicity versus complexity, optimism to create a positive climate or a free investigation of problems at the outset. Also understanding of how trust is seen in different cultures, and using this as a means of bulding trust more effectively in negotiation. CAMBODIA The Cambodia style in cultural of negotiations is they really highlight on personal relationship also means here is long term relationship. The process of communication will be slow while they take time to get to know you. Here patient attitudes plays big role because of could jeopardize the decision in this communication. If proposing a large contract, it is advisable to first seek government approval. Cambodians are non-confrontational. They do not like saying â€Å"no† overtly. If they say â€Å"no problem† actually means there is a problem and what you have to asked for will not happen. Try hard to maintain your composure at all times. Displaying anger irritation could negatively impact negotiations. In this poor country, price is often a determining factor in business decisions. LAOS The key of establishing trust which is politeness and willingness to help. Identifying decision-makers and power chains or power conflict. Time, priority and deadline management is important. Attitudes in signed contract and their implications. And organizing the post negotiations phase. VIETNAM Approaches to change which is Vietnam’s intercultural adaptability and readiness for risk is minimal. Changes is difficult to bring about and the idea of it is not received with enthusiasm. In order for change to take hold, the idea needs to be perceived as good for the group and be accepted by the group. Meanwhile approaches to time and priorities is Vietnamese is very relaxed with its attitude towards schedules and timelines. Vietnamese will not upset others in order to force meeting deadline, and while appointments and schedules need to be set in advance, these should be viewed as flexible. Patience is a necessary attribute to successful cross cultural management in Vietnam. Global and intercultural expansion means that some managers may have a greater appreciation of the need to enforce timescales and as such, agreed deadlines are more likely to be met. Culturally intelligent in Indochina. Cross-cultural communication is one such global skill that will train people to adapt to any cultural contex. Cross cultural communication has appeared largely through the globalization of markets, affairs of nation-states and technologies. As already explain, people have to adapt with the latest information and communication technologies such as the World Wide Web ( http://www.intercultures.ca/cil-cai/ci-ic-eng.asp?iso=kh ), (http://www.kwintessential.co.uk/cultural-services/articles-intercultural.html ) this links is Center for Intercultural learning, provide about the facts and info cultural all country around the world. Others sources is computers, films, and television shape cultural and civic speech. Here, from this approaches will brings transformation economic and social relation to such an degree that cultural and economic barriers are minimized. Others approaches is take a world intercultural class. In this class, highlight to intercultural communication and discusses some specific methods and strategies. These include mastering issues like learning to honors and sharing one’s own culture while developing a capacity to be open to others cultures. As for example like classroom practices and strategies include intercultural explorations through the use of appropriate texts, films and other multi-media resources, short stories, contra case studies of cultures, group meetings, presentation and role plays. Cultural intelligence has various meanings that can be looked on as complementary. It’s also refers to behaviors that are considered intelligent from the point of view of people in specific cultures (Richard Brislin, 2012). Firstly learned information about Indochina cultures such as behaviours can include quick application of previously learned information in some cultures, getting along with kin in other cultures, and slow and deliberate consideration of alternative courses of action in still other cultures. On the other hand, cultural intelligence can also refer to the traits and skills of people who adjust quickly, with minimal stress, when they interact extensively in cultures other than the ones where they were socialized. The two uses of the term are related because people who want to be sensitive to other scan examine intelligence as it is defined and demonstrated in other cultures and can make adjustments in their own behaviours during their cross-cultural experiences. REFERENCES Jandt, F.E. (2001). Intercultural communication: An introduction (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks: SAGE Publications. Madrolle, C. (1996). Indochina. New York: Columbia University Press.

Change Management Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Change Management Plan - Essay Example The small branch set up has now almost reached 1000 workers other than seasonal internees. As an internee at the HSBC’s branch during last month, I assessed a strong failure in the Human Resource functioning and the need for the revival of Human resource activities, especially for the middle management. The Human Resource Department was operating on weaker edges with slow processing and systematic reviewing of employees’ performance. The employees with low working abilities and inefficient customer handling were assigned high level customer dealing. The Manager Operations had not had his promotion since past 1.5 years despite outstanding performance. Some of the employees with higher level experience to tackle employees were given lesser portion of customer handling and more of technical work. The strategic significance of Human Resource was highly compromised and posed a strong ignorance to the performance appraisal and observation cues. There were ill defined scales t o measure the performance of the employees that further drew them back from showing up to the potential. There is an immediate need for systematic reviewing of Human Resource to uplift the behaviors and beliefs of the employees. Key Human Resource Problems: Performance Appraisal, Proper Placement and Compensation Management Importance of Human Resource Planning Human Resource planning is an ongoing progressive strategic execution for zero defect alignment between organizational goals and human resource management. HRM has to its excellence the privilege of showing Universal Superior approach to manage people (Pirzada, 163-176). Human resource practices merge from the phase of acquiring new employees based upon need assessments till the layoff plans that could be needed in case of ineffective employee management or to clear the unexpected and undesirable results. One of the very important operations of Human resource planning involves posting the allocation of available talent to the best suited destination and reallocating the weaker or tedious minds to rotation (Vanhala, 2011). Most of the activities talked above in the above extract deal with the explicit side of Human Resource Management since another definable role of Human resource is to keep up with motivating the working staff through financial and non financial tools. HR at HSBC A jist of both the phases is coordinately needed to ensure the retention of work force’s interest in the work objectives. In case of the Walnut’s Californian HSBC branch the employees need to be settled with effective placement, suitable to their skills and expertise and further be governed and coordinated for any work assistance, performance bonuses in case of extra performance and redefining of work schedules that get boring after repeated over and over for a long time (Coelho, 455-466). Methodology to Workout HR Issues The key important factor for all the employee motivation related issues is performance manage ment. Performance appraisal is the process of assessing and weighting the efficiency level of employees performance and dedication in their attitude and further communicating it to them (Rudin, 2005). Task I. Performance Rating Scale

Deaf Reflection Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Deaf Reflection - Coursework Example I feel that the teachers ought to protect the deaf students. This is because they better understood the deaf student than any other person did. There was no register for the deaf in the country, therefore; the authorities would not have accounted for any deaf student missing (Biesold 143). I feel disappointed with some Nazi educationalist. I believe that educationalist can understand the right of every child and the importance of education. I get disappointed when some Nazi educationalist questioned the education of the deaf, terming it as wasteful, instead of enlightening the officials to promote the deaf education. Doctors terminated pregnancies to prevent the birth of deaf children (Biesold 144). It is beyond anyone’s control not to give birth to a deaf child. Doctors ought to understand this fact more than anyone else does. I feel horrified to learn that doctors risked the lives of the mother and their unborn child by performing an abortion of six months! The doctors were not sure that the unborn child is deaf. This practice was unfair and uncalled for, bringing pain and misery n the lives of the expecting mothers and their families (Biesold 145). Many deaf couples do not have children. This has made their lives unbearable and lonely. The horrific and sinister turns of events of 1939 were unbearable. Nazi authority killed deaf persons (Biesold 145). The authority referred to them as ‘useless eaters’. I feel that the government instead of referring to any person as, ‘useless’ they should at least show concern because it is not for their wish to be born in that condition. A government should protect her citizen and Nazi government should have stood to their initial policy of protecting and providing for their citizen (Biesold 146).

Othello Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 9

Othello - Essay Example Persons hypersensitive to racial prejudice could make the charge that this eye-rolling, pink-lipped, tongue-thrusting, coal-black Puppy is a demonstration of the most rear-guard white mans concept of the primitive Negro. Race relations in the 21st century are not stained compared to the previous century, particularly in 1960s when the film was shot. Times have changed and the definition of appropriate sensitive language has also transformed whereas in the ancient times those hypersensitive to race issues would meet such portrayal; presently, such would be concluded to be genuine talents. Sensitive behaviour has also changed with the change in time; in fact, the Time magazine had complained that Laurence had overdone the acting and the makeup, equating that to a mere mummy singer and that the depiction was a modern stereotype (Arogundae). In 1960, there was an aggressive agitation for black rights in the United States of America and any white man stereotypical portrayal of a black man would be adjudged racial. In the present times his portrayal of the Othello character in the movie would not be deemed racist, he plays the role of Othello by showing that the character even though valued for his military dexterity and nobility of character, he portrays a culture in which racial tensions, particularly questions about the mixing of races through intermarriage. Additionally, Shakespeare had made the character to have an ambiguous race, the character was not specifically black, but had that likelihood. However, the character in the movie was without doubt black, with the typical African crinkled hair; he additionally imitated black Caribbean immigrants in England such as rolling his eyes and smacking of pink lips. A white man blackening typically portrayed the primitive ways of the black people, and many people argued agai nst

See word Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

See word - Assignment Example e parasite cannot come out from the oyster body, the oyster will continuously produce crystalline substance called the nacre around it until it completely covers the parasite or the irritant, and the result is glossy pearl. Akoya is one of the cultured pearls carefully farmed in an enthralling combination of art and science. They are grown in cooler ocean temperature of Japan during winter periods where farmers wait for the Akoya’s premium prize creation. The healthy and vibrant Akoya that has successfully formed the pearl is processed using a technology and the oyster is set aside for a meal. Fossilized plants and animals in rocks formed through high pressure and temperature produced by sediments and results to the creation of amber. Amber is classified into five different classes depending on the chemical constituents. The video explains that Amber preserve creatures like insects in a unique and a fashionable way. It seems that the organisms’ resins are resistant to decay and this makes it possible for the formation of amber. Amber came from the rocks on the seabed and discovered after it washes up on the shore. The process of extracting gold or gold ores from the ground may define what exactly gold mining is. It is a process that involves a lot of techniques to carry out. There several methods that are used in mining such as pan, large drilling, and explosives with the application of different techniques depending on the method. In the video, Anthony used digging and later found out some of the methods that people rarely apply. Through the video, I have learned that it is always better to stick to designated gold bearing rock areas and dug through. As for the other methods, the video was brief and accurate to shallow mining of gold. The mining process starts from where samples are taken for testing to the point of tailing disposals. The process depends on the method used in the mining; however, the processes are divided into four main groups that include

Basha Restaurant Business Plan Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Basha Restaurant Business Plan - Assignment Example The restaurant meets the expectation of the customers by providing them valuable services by the restaurant staff. The manage constantly runs a check on the activities taking place in the restaurant which assures the customer that everything is in control and being evaluated constantly. The restaurant staff is trained to provide effective and efficient services to the customers. The cuisines are developed by authentic Arabic chefs and the recipes used are also authentic. This adds on to the credibility of the restaurant. The taste of the food is given special consideration as the owners of Basha want the food to be perfect in all regards for their valuable customers. The pricing and profitability strategy has been developed considering all the expenses and investments required to start up the business. Table of Contents Introduction 5 Objectives 5 Sales Objectives 5 Mission 6 Keys to Success 7 Company Summary 7 Company Ownership 7 Start-up Summary 7 Company Location and Facilities 9 Services 10 Competitive Comparison 10 Sales Literature 10 Market Analysis Summary 10 Target Market Segment Strategy 10 Marketing Programs 10 Pricing and Profitability Strategy 11 Cost of Goods Sold 13 References 17 Basha Restaurant Business Plan Introduction Basha is one of the distinctive restaurants in Dubai that offers authentic Arabic cuisines to its valuable customers.... The Basha restaurant in Dubai has its location at the terrace of Habtoor Grand Resort and Spa from where the view of Dubai is outstanding (Al Basha in the Habtoor Grand Beach Resort and Spa, Dubai Marina Mall, Dubai – Restaurant Reviews—TimeOutDubai.com, 2012). The paper discusses the business plan according to a standard format of a business plan (Floor, 2003) Objectives The objectives of Basha Arabic Restaurant in Dubai are as follows: To provide authentic Arabic Cuisine To increase the market share in Dubai amongst other Arabic Restaurants To provide a soothing ambience to the customers of the restaurant To increase profits by 25% in the year 2013 Sales Objectives To increase sales by 15 % in the year 2013 that is reach a amount of AED 140,000 Mission The mission of Basha Arabic restaurant is to provide authentic Arabic cuisines to the customers of Dubai so that they can get a feel about the Arabic cuisines. The customers should enjoy dine out at Basha and the ambien ce of the restaurant should be such that the customers should feel they are dining out in core Middle Eastern country. The ingredients used should be of good quality, the chef should be Arabic and recipes of the Basha restaurant should be authentic Arabic recipes. The cuisines served should be fresh and should be served in the most unique manner by the restaurant staff. Presentation of the cuisines should be highly appealing attractive. Customers are paying a premium price at Basha and so they should be entertained with the best Arabic cuisines in town. Basha wants its market share to increase and also the number of customers should make repeat visits in the restaurant. The staff should be well aware of all the Arabic cuisines being served in the restaurant

Marketing - Segmentation strategy Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Marketing - Segmentation strategy - Assignment Example Competing is a problem. Financially strong management with a clear commitment to see the company through and keep making profits for the shareholders. Though, when the company started it was the largest facility but soon with the new process, much larger world scale facilities have come up, dwarfing this factory. The company has built a good rapport with the customer which produces the required market capitalisation for the company. Since the market for fertilisers is pretty large there was no dearth of market at any point in time. Opportunities Threats The company is at the threshold of a major change in the agricultural production process because of the continuing increase in the population. It would be wise for the company to capture this market. The market is varying and depends on the success of agriculture across the country. This could become quite seasonal and would cause huge losses of accrued stock if there is no off-take. New types of fertilisers are coming in and the customers are expecting new products from the company. Competition is becoming more and more vibrant and is producing competing products that is hard to match. The new communication systems and the internet have changed the way business is done across the world. It is easy now to ensure that supplies of the material reaches the customers at the right time in the right quantity. The agricultural land in the country is dwindling and is being converted in industrial land. This means there is less land to produce and hence limited fertiliser use. However, there is also the possibility that the smaller land might be using larger quantity of fertilisers in order to bring in the same result in terms of production. Table...Theoretical principles behind the consumer buying decision is matched with the existing reasons based on which the marketing strategy could be fine tuned to suit the market needs. In addition to this, segmentation of the market to clearly target specific products from the company's stable would help in augmenting sales targets and to produce the desired results. This could help in evaluating the business and the marketing strategy of the company. Finally, the consumer perception in terms of the three levels of product / service is visualised and studied to finally close in on the best strategy for marketing the product. The new communication systems and the internet have changed the way business is done across the world. It is easy now to ensure that supplies of the material reaches the customers at the right time in the right quantity. The agricultural land in the country is dwindling and is being converted in industrial land. This means there is less land to produce and hence limited fertiliser use. However, there is also the possibility that the smaller land might be using larger quantity of fertilisers in order to bring in the same result in terms of production. Based on the SWOT analysis done, it is clear that the company should capitalise on the strengths of th

The differences between Christianity and Buddhism Essay Example for Free

The differences between Christianity and Buddhism Essay Basic Belief Systems Buddhism is different from Christianity in many ways. The Christian founder, Jesus Christ was the Son of The Father, God, while the founder of Buddhism, Siddhartha Gautama was a normal human being, who achieved enlightenment through meditation and later on was referred to as The Buddha(The Awakened). This brings us to the first major difference, the existence of the supernatural. While Buddhism does not completely reject the Hinduism Gods, it does not see them necessary. At the same time, Christianity has its one and only God, who comes in three faces, The Father, The Son and The Holy Spirit. Christian meditations are also very different from Buddhism ones, while Christians have an open minded meditations, where the mind can wonder off freely, Buddhists have a closed ends meditations, in which there is only one goal to the meditation and your thoughts are limited to concentrate only on certain things. The perception of life differs very much in two religions. Buddhists state that Life Is Dukka, life is pain and suffering, while Christians treasure life in every way, and believe that life is the most important thing that God gave us. These are the major differences between the two religions belief systems. Main Rituals and Symbols While both religions use their own rituals and symbols, these are very different from each other. Christianity uses symbols such as the Crucifix, Icons, statues, etc, the Buddhism followers are more used to symbols like The Dharma wheel, The victory banner, The knot of eternity, The conch shell, The lotus, The vase, The fish and The umbrella, which are The Eight Auspicious Signs. Christians usually use these signs during their ceremonies and processions, while Buddhists apply the signs in their life, or during meditation and study. The Christian rituals include the celebration of Christmas, Easter, Sunday Masses and other similar rituals and ceremonies, and Buddhists have their rituals too. They include Offering of Light, Offering of Flowers and Offering of Incense. All these offerings are presented to Buddhas statues to show that people still follow his teachings. This would be strictly prohibited by any real Christian religion,  as it involves creating idols, and is prohibited by the Bibles Ten Commandments. Chanting verses on the Buddhas Teachings is believed to give protection to those who listen to them., which is different from Christian chanting which is only used in Masses and are simply used to praise The Lord, All-mighty. Sacred Texts The sacred texts of Buddhism and Christianity do not have much in common. The Christian main book, the Bible consists of passages and chapters written before and after Jesus death. It consists of two main parts, the Old Testament, and the New Testament. The Buddhists sacred text is called the Pali Canon, which consists of three groups of discourses, called the Tripitaka, which consists of Sutra saying of Buddha, Vinya discipline of the brotherhood and Abidharma a set of creeds based on essential teachings. The canon includes poetry and prose, Buddhas conversations with others and myths about the life of Buddha. While the Bible teaches us the words of God, the teachings of Christ, talks about the Afterlife and Creation, The Pali Canon simply talks about Buddhas life, what he did, his thoughts, and reminds me more of a Biography, rather then a sacred text of a religion. There are other sacred texts including stories, myths and teachings of Buddhas disciples, but those are not considered as major and important as the Pali Canon. Christianity concentrates on The Bible more then any other minor sacred texts, while Buddhism considers all the minor texts as important as each other. The Christian Religion answers all the lifes fundamental questions. If you search within Christianity, you will be able to find answers to questions like what is the meaning of life and how the world was created and why and is there life after death? Buddhism does not give these answers, it concentrates more on self-perfection of the soul and achieving awakening, only then one can understand the mysteries of the universe, but not many can achieve this, while in Christianity all and everyone is able to find answers to these questions. Christians believe that God created the world, he created hell and heaven, the two places where a human soul will spend its  afterlife. Some believe that the meaning of life is for God to decide whether a person was good or bad and where will he end up, some think its is simply to help others during our lives. While no-one knows the right answer to these fundamental questions for sure, we may speculate or try to understand the Bible more closely to fin d the answers we seek. The main difference between Buddhism and Christianity in these questions is that Buddhists believe in reincarnation, where a humans soul will be reborn in a different body after death, and this process is only stopped by reaching Nirvana, a stage of complete enlightenment. Christians however believe that after death, the human soul will travel and be judged and either sent to Heaven, closer to God, or Hell, where Satan is. It is believed that Buddha achieved Nirvana, and therefore will not be reborn again, although some believe that Dalai Lama is the reincarnation of Buddha, but their numbers are few. The teachings of Buddha help Buddhists understand their purpose in life, to achieve Nirvana, enlightenment. This is achieved through deep meditation and self control, including self-denial. Meditation performs an important role in achieving Nirvana. Buddhist monks sometimes go and spend years living by themselves and meditating for most of their time, believing that such deep devotion will help them reach enlightenment and perfection. Some strive to become Buddha themselves, this is achievable through attaining enlightenment on their own, without the help of anyone else. This is considered the highest stage of awakening, and these Buddha are then allowed to go and teach others, and become spiritual leaders. It is obvious that both religions help individuals to answer lifes fundamental questions, and one cannot say for sure, which one helps more or is more right, everyone chooses for themselves, but Christianity is closer to me, and that is the path I choose to walk upon.

Nokia competencies

Nokia competencies Every firm comprises of competencies, not all possess core competencies, these are crucial for a competitiveness. This report examines the core competencies that contribute most significantly to Nokias competitive advantage. These consist of organisational culture and research and development. Nokias competitive advantage will be analysed based on corporate brand and products and services base, then personal analysis reported. 2.0 Theoretical idea of core competencies Firms possess competencies through efficient use of resources and are required for firms to compete. Core competencies are attributes that an organisation possesses which in turn allows it to achieve competitive advantage (Prahalad Hamel, 1990 cited Henry. A, 2008). There is differential performance between companies in the same industry, due to individual core competencies since the environment is constant. In 2008, Dell had the largest market share in UK PC market (Datamonitor, 2009), with core competencies in its value chain giving competitive advantage (Henry. A, 2008). Core competencies should be appropriable so those who provide the attributes for the competitive advantage should reap benefits (Kay. J, 1993 cited Open University, 2009). The key is not to focus on all competencies just ones that add most value and competitive advantage. Collis and Montgomery (1997) identified some attributes within the organisation are more useful for gaining sustainable competitive advantage (Henry, 2008). The features of useful attributes are that they help provide value to customers, are unique and difficult to imitate (Collis Montgomery, 1997, cited Hooley. G et al, 2008) as seen in figure 1. Other theorists support this identification, Prahalad and Hamel (1990) identified three tests for core competencies: 1. A core competence should provide access to a wide variety of markets. 2. A core competence should make a significant contribution to perceived customer benefits of end products. 3. A core competence should be difficult for competitors to imitate. (Prahalad cited The Free Library, 2002). Hamel and Prahalad (The Free Library, 2002) identified core competencies should not remain static whilst the environment changes. Core competencies enable production of new products and services and increase customer relationship management, they should be envied by competitors but difficult to replicate (Hooley. G et al, 2008). Shangri La Hotels have a stronger customer relationship than their competitors (Datamonitor, 2009) their mission Delighting customers each and every time (Shangri-La Hotels and Resorts, 2009). 2.1 Nokias core competencies Nokia has many competencies but due to recent success appears to focus on the right core competencies to gain competitive advantage. The two significant ones are organisational culture (Blau. J, 2003) and investment in research and development (Nokia, 2009). Organisational culture is a core competence and source of sustainable competitive advantage (Barney, 1986b, cited Hamel. G Heene. A,1994). 2.1.1 Nokias organisational culture Nokia, unlike competitors, is innovative and entrepreneurial by adopting the correct culture (Blau. J, 2003). Within the organisation entrepreneurship is encouraged by managers open to employee suggestions for new products and services, this allows continuous learning, there is also a feedback process for employees engaging in new ideas (Blau. J, 2003). VP Niitamo, Chair of European Living Labs Portfolio, Some of Nokias success, is from continuously bringing in young, talented people, without pushing them down one particular career path (Blau. J, 2003). For this to take place they must have shared vision to ensure full commitment from employees (Kanter, 1983 cited Henry. A, 2008). 2.1.2 Nokias research and development Another core competency is Nokias research and development. Nokia employs 51,750 people, over one third is made up of people in research and development. The company employs approximately 1,000 new people in research and development each year, aiming for those who have new skills (Blau. J, 2003). Nokias extensive research and development enables it to create trusted consumer relationships, the best mobile devices everywhere and context enriched services (Nokia, 2009). 3.0 Theoretical idea of competitive advantage Competitive advantage results from matching core competencies to opportunities (Business Dictionary, 2009). Many 2000 dot.com failures were companies identifying the opportunity but not having competencies to achieve competitive advantage (Hooley. G et al, 2008). Companies can achieve competitive advantage by charging higher prices for increased value products and services or offering the same products and services as competitors at lower prices (Porter. M. E, 1985). Differences between rival products and services have become narrow, so companies need to find new ways of distinguishing themselves in customers minds. Companies can use brands to be distinctive compared with competitors, and create a relationship with customers for competitive advantage (Chailan. C, 2008). In 2008, the airline industry saw JetBlues new experience based differentiation after they created T5 terminal at JFK. T5 added brand value by augmenting the service with additional and complementary features (DDB, 2009). Companies should look for sustainability; competitive advantage that competitors are unable to imitate (Barney, 1991 cited Henry. A, 2008). Tesco uses vendor managed inventory and builds relationships with suppliers such as Nestle and Coca Cola to improve availability, providing competitive advantage for those involved, however unsustainable (William Reed Business Media Ltd, 2009). Figure 2 identifies the relationship between core competencies and competitive advantage. Although core competencies lead to competitive advantages this may be indirect by developing core products or services. 3.1 Nokias competitive advantage Nokia is currently worldwide largest mobile phone maker, therefore they must have significant core competencies to gain competitive advantage (Yahoo Finance, 2009). Nokias competitive advantage is based on scale, brand and services (Nokia, 2008). 3.1.1 Nokias brand value After wavering in 2004, Nokia came back to build an outstanding reputation through a 12% increase in brand value and became fifth top brand (Kiley. D, 2007). Nokia currently has number one brand in many markets worldwide (Temporal. P Davies. R, 2009). Nokias organisational culture contributed to its corporate brand since employees and processes are reflected in the brand (Temporal. P, 2009). Nokias research and development assisted in creating brand value by keeping up to date with evolving consumer demands and is recognised as a company that provides consumers with the desired products and services. NRC, Nokias innovations hub invests at least 5% of the annual research and development budget. Innovations are created for commercial purposes after three to five years development (Samuels. M, 2006). 3.1.2 Nokias products and services Ideas need to align with organisational culture, therefore this must be correct to generate desired products and services (Henry. A, 2008). Organisational culture is reflected in products and services through processes and procedures, this led to sustainable competitive advantage. The knowledge possessed by employees cannot be easily transferred, groups of employees would be required for a fraction of the knowledge (Argote. L Ingram. P, 2000). Nokias research and development continuously improves and generates new products, this is essential as Nokias markets became highly competitive over the last decade with entrants such as Apple iPhone (Ward. A, 2009). In 2002 Nokia received the Frost and Sullivan market engineering award for its secure access system innovation which was an exceptionally evolved product (BNET,2003 Calif. S. J, 2002). 4.0 Critical analysis I conclude that Nokia has effectively developed competencies into core competencies to develop sustainable competitive advantage. I consider Nokia to have core competencies in particular organisational culture and research and development, contributing most to Nokias competitive advantage. The organisational culture is quite unique among competitors, yet as industry leader so they must be doing the right things internally in relation to the external industry. Other companies should steer away from the negative image that innovative organisations are only effective in small organisations and implement some of Nokias techniques to reduce differential performance between them. However, I realise this will only be effective if there are shared values and commitment from the entire organisation as with Nokia. Organisational culture cannot be easily learned so this must create sustainable competitive advantage until competitors have developed their culture more effectively. Nokia invests heavily in research and development which is reflected in its product and service offering which is outstanding, therefore I see it as a worthwhile investment. I have identified that Nokia doesnt just employ people for research and development, it supports them and develops their knowledge base to benefit the company. I identified Nokias main competitive advantage being brand value and product and service offering. I recognise that Nokia successfully achieved competitive advantage of its brand organisational culture and the beliefs and practices adopted by the company. Nokia must continue to do the right things such as ethical behaviour in the work place or the brand will be tarnished and will be difficult to rebuild unless its loyal customer base sticks by regardless which I find doubtful. Nokias other competitive advantage consists developing latest product designs and outperforming rivals through services. I do not consider this sustainable, despite Nokias investments in research and development. Product innovation in the mobile phone industry is the main contributor to growth, through replacement sales (Cassell. J, 2004). This is likely to remain the case as the market is already saturated, therefore I feel Nokia wont maintain this level of competition as rival companies would invest more into research and development to compete. Overall, I find Nokia making best use of its core competencies to gain competitive advantage but dont believe it will continue to be industry leader without enhancing its core competencies to meet evolving demands. 5.0 Conclusion In conclusion it has been analysed that Nokia has several core competencies, the most significant being organisational culture and investment in research and development. These core competencies led to competitive advantage in the form of strong brand image and exceptional product and service offerings. Although this is currently the case for Nokia within the mobile phone industry, they may not be sustainable as will be identified over time.

Unilever Ethical Issues

Unilever Ethical Issues Unilever is employed 2, 27,000 people in approximately 150 countries. This company always tries to maintain their employee rights and responsibilities. To focus some employee rights of Unilever in below: To protect the health and safety of employees at work To must respect employees fundamental rights To encourage personal development of employees To provide training facilities on chemicals or dangerous job To inform employees about serious workplace hazards To assure the employees job security To evaluate the employees on the basis of their working performance Conflicts Most of the conflicts happen on local or national level. Generally, plant closures and opposition of employees are involved in conflicts. In Europe, the management of Unilever is promoted to attract new investors and securing the employees jobs. But in other regions, conflicts increase when Unilever rejects to build up the freely-elected unions as the courier of the employees and turns to threatening employees to shock away from the unions and attempts to make a company-friendly manager-made union. In India, conflicts occur when the employees decrease due to the shift of production to other sites. For example- Garden Reach detergents factory at Calcutta in India reduces employees due to move production to new areas. Responsibilities Manufacturing Department Unilever is mainly engaged in manufacturing its food and home personal care products in 150 countries around the world. The main responsibilities of this department are: Increasing production with no additional manufacturing cost. To invest in local manufacturing firms and contribute to local trade and industry development. To improve the eco-efficiency to the manufacturing sites. Distribution Department The main aim of distribution department is to be the supplier of choice for their potential customer and to ensure that consumers use their product through different distribution channel. To show some responsibilities of distribution department are given below: To work in joint venture with retailers on sustainability issues. To support retailers in educating consumers on health. Reducing environmental impacts resulting from distribution of the Products. To ensure consumers everywhere have right to use to products. To use and promote environmentally-friendly refrigeration technology. Marketing Department The marketing department of Unilever communicates responsibly with their consumers through advertising and marketing strategy. This department focuses on some responsibilities: To take a responsible approach to marketing and advertising. To help consumers make healthier choices for their diet. To ensure consumer self-confidence in chemicals used in home and personal care products. To help consumers to reduce their environmental impacts and to dispose of their products responsibly. Branding Department Recently, Unilever is owned approximately 2000 different brands worldwide. It is acquired many local or national companies which legacy continued for a long time. The branding departments responsibilities are furnished under: To create brand awareness of Unilevers products. To built preference and loyalty of brands. To maintain the branding quality. Research Development Department Through the investment in research and development, Unilever meets the diverse and changing needs of consumers in all the markets. Some responsibilities of this department are also shown below: To enhance the nutritional quality of foods. To minimize the difficult environmental impacts of the products. Integrating social, economic and environmental factors into brand development plans. To research and promote alternatives to animal testing. Marketing Unilevers marketing strategies are tightly aligned to focus on deployment and brand building through their products. The company ensures that their products are high-quality and maintain the standard product line too. On the whole, Unilevers marketing strategies are divided into three categories- target marketing, market segmentation and market positioning. Target Marketing Unilever has launched over 2000 brands still now. Consequently, they are followed different target marketing strategies according to variation of products brands. For example, Lipton tea is a popular branded product of Unilever and this company uses niche marketing strategy for this product. On the other hand, they also support mass marketing strategy for some common world-wide products such as Lux, All Clear, Sunsilk, Dove, Heartbrand ice creams and so on. Market Segmentation Unilevers market segments basically depends on four business categories-Personal Care; Home Care; Savoury, Dressings Spreads; and Ice Cream Beverages. By going after segments instead of the whole market, Unilever can distribute just the right value scheme to each sector served and capture more value in return. Its market segmentation is very effective because the purchasing power of Unilevers product and profiles of segment can be measured, its product can easily be reached to the potential customers. Market Positioning Unilever is one of the well-known market leaders that capture the global market positioning by their core-product activities. Their main aim is to be confined the market positioning through the following: 1) The purchase national companies 2) To invest in a green field site in that country 3) To import (when possible and profitable) from outside sources. Unilevers turnover was highest in 2002. So, their sales growth also rises during that year. But the following year, their turnover is decreasing day by day. And in 2005, due to Halal Soap concept, their turnover take the lowest position that means their sales growth is few. We also see that their turnover is increasing from 2005 to 2008. As a result companys sales growth also enlarges. At last, Unilever are trying to achieve the highest position again also trying to hold the global market successfully. Information technology The innovative employees of Unilever use a common information system to share best practices and abruptly introduce new products around the global. They think that information technology is the best equipment to finish their job successfully. In general they are made the OSBC benchmarking process because of tracking its innovative rate, underlying volume growth and spending on Research Development. Unilevers information technology designs on the basis of information structure, setting policies for sourcing, compliance and data protection. Communication Communication is any kind of connection. It may be internal or external. Unilevers communication system is very good and this company follows a effective communication procedures. The employees in Unilever are interrelated by communicating their daily activities such as preparing accounting report, attending organizations cultural program, creating friendly environment with their colleague etc. Unilever tackles complaints from external stakeholders such as consumers, suppliers, wholesalers, and stockholder and so on. Still there is no recognized policy to conduct external complaints handling. They have a third party handle external enquiries made via the website, email and letters. Basically, this companys success depends on good relationship with large group of people and organization who have stake in its business. Freedom of action The board of Unilever is responsible to practice an active process for compliance, monitoring and reporting to the high level about employee performance. They are ensured that employees can put the strategy into action. Unilever argue that the freedom of association and rights of employees to engage in constructive collective bargaining within the host country law. Basically, Unilever gives their employees moderate freedom of action. This organization values depends on their workers on basis of action performance and also provide rewards for better presentation. Unilever always try to motivating their employees by different types of activities like workshop, recreational activities, and also bestow huge liberty to their stroke. Additionally, all employees of Unilever have had access to a toll-free 24-hour ethics telephone hotline worldwide from 2004. This hotline allows employees to raise any concerns in absolute confidence. Censorship on the internet Unilevers censorship is rigorously controlled to protect the accessing information on the internet. All other multinational companies like Unilever is also involved with internet and give the company information and its growth on internet. But recently securing their information, they are increased e-mail monitoring to the retention of Web logs and communication data. At the same time, Governments have happen to more secretive about the companys activities, dropping information that was before available and declining to adhere to policies on freedom of information. Besides that, Unilever would appreciate and follow the ethics of the internet. Computer and work Computer has grasped every side of activities of the modern universe and that is why present world is called computer world. At present time, any organization does not finish their work efficiently without using the computer. Accordingly, Unilever are controlled their all working activities by computerized system such as using computerized machines, equipments for production and research development. Similarly, they also use modern technology which is made by computers to access in global communication process, increasing global marketing and so on. Law When Unilever starts business in a country, this company must obey that countrys federal and provincial legislation as it is enacted and also applicable legislation in jurisdictions. Unilever operations in commands with less strict privacy laws are anticipated to construct all rational efforts to meet the requirements. Unilever or any of its directors, officers, employees, agents or representatives should be loyal for maintaining the every countrys law procedures. Security Unilever is applied fire and burglar detection as well as inspection solutions for the warehouse. This company provides 400 brands spanning 14 sorts of home, personal care and foods products. They are strictly observed to grant an access control, fire burglar detection and inspection solution method for securing their warehouse. They also set up the close-circuit camera to make a decision on-site based on practical revelations of the field of sight and the preferred result. At present, Unilever drives an audit system on trail of loading, off loading, weighing procedures, visitor movement, health and safety compliance, compliance with other internal controls and procedures from an accounting point of view. Answer to the Assignment Question No. 2 Country overview The kingdom of Bhutan is renowned as a landlocked nation in South Asia and is situated at the eastern end of the Himalaya Mountains. It is alienated from the close by state of Nepal to the west by the Indian state of Sikkim and from Bangladesh to the south by West Bengal. Bhutan is also a lonely country in the world. But now, Bhutan is developed in their different sectors including direct international flights, the internet, mobile phone networks and even cable television have increased to modernize the urban areas of this country. The legal system The legal system of Bhutan is determined mainly by Royal High Court of Bhutan, which is selected by the sovereign. This legal system primarily based on Indian law and English common law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ (International Court of justice) jurisdiction. Zhabdrung Ngawang Namgyal broadcasted the first set of Bhutanese laws and this law was completed in 1652 during the reign of Deb Umzed Tenzin Drugyel who is the first temporal ruler. It was footed closely on Buddhist principles and tackled the violation of both temporal and spiritual laws. These laws include ten pious acts, known as Lhachoe Gyewa Chu and the sixteen virtuous acts of social piety, referred to as Michoe Tsangma Chudrug. The 10th Desi, Mipham Wangp o merged and adjusted the certain parts of the code of Zhabdrung. The 13th Desi, Chogyal Sherub Wangchuk, ready certain amendments of the Code in the mid 18th century. Afterwards, the first and the second Druk Gyalpo also made extra amendments. During the reign of the Third Druk Gyalpo, the national assembly endorsed the first comprehensive codified law known as the Thrimzhung Chhenmo. After that, some amendments and legislations are added to the changing needs of him Bhutanese nation. Sources of law The sources of law on which the jurists have put on their consensus are as follows: Custom Custom is described as the twilight of law in Bhutan which resides in habitual practice and usages. To acquire force of law, the Bhutanese custom must have the following ingredients: a) Antiquity b) reasonableness c) conformity with statutory law d) observation as a right e) consistency with morality and public policy. Religion Religion is also an important source of law. Bhutanese law provides for freedom of religion, thought and conscience. The Bhutanese people support both Kagyupa and Nyingmapa Buddhist monasteries. The noble family follows a combination of Nyingmapa and Kagyupa Buddhism. On the other hand, the government are restricting the celebration of some non-Buddhist religious festivals and limiting construction of non-Buddhist religious buildings, although many people openly practice Hinduism in the southern areas of Bhutan. Equity Equity means natural justice. In Bhutan there are three main courts I) The High Court II) the Supreme Court III) The Dzongkhag Court. The High Court made up 7 to 9 Judges, which is controlled by the Chief Justice of Bhutan. A Dzongkhag court that means District court includes of a minimum of single judge and a maximum of three judges. A Dungkhag court that means Sub-district court involves of one judge. The justices of the Supreme Court are appointed by the chief justice and seal on the proposal of the National Judicial Commission from among persons of high honesty who are acknowledged authorities on the laws of Bhutan. The interested person should at least work as a High Justice for seven years to be appointed as the Justices of the Supreme Court. Precedent Precedent means the judge-made law. It is an essential source of law. Circumstances of Bhutanese law which destroy or weaken the binding force of precedent are: a) abrogated decision b) reversal on a different ground c) ignorance of status d) inconsistency with earlier decision of Higher Court e) inconsistency between earlier decisions of the same rank f) decisions of equally divided Courts g) erroneous decisions and so on. Legislation Legislation is the biggest sources of law. In National Assembly of Bhutan practices a large volume of legislation law. At present, the current issues such as drug abuse, terrorism problems etc. affecting the legislation process. The Bhutanese government tries to develop their legislation policy and implement that effectively. Court structure The courts in Bhutan consist of the Supreme Court, the High Court, the Dzongkhag Courts, the Dungkhag Courts, and any other Courts that may be established from time to time. At present, the Bhutanese legal system has maintained three types of court system: Figure 2: The Court Structure of Bhutan The High Court: The High Court is the highest court of law in Bhutan. It was established in 1968 is the apex Court presided by the Chief Justice of Bhutan. It has three Benches and a minimum of two judges encompass a Bench. The High Court exercises original jurisdiction as well as appellate and extra-territorial jurisdiction. The High Court possesses intrinsic powers and exercises extra-territorial jurisdiction on the basis of international law principles as with the Supreme Court. At the moment, it places at the apex of the Bhutanese judicial system and is controlled over by the Chief Justice of Bhutan. The Dzongkhag Court: Bhutan is geographically divided into twenty districts and each district has a District Court. The first Dzongkhag (District) Court of Bhutan was established in 1960/61. The District Court is made up of one Bench some District Courts have division Benches too. The District Court exercises unique jurisdiction in all cases in its defensive jurisdiction. The District Court system of Bhutan is leaded by a Dzongkhag drangpon. Every Dzongkhag drangpon is aided by one or more drangpon rabjams. The Dungkhag Court: The Dungkhag Court that means the Sub-District Court is the lowest formal court in Bhutan. It was established in 1978. The Dungkhag Court practices creative jurisdiction in all cases in their territorial jurisdiction. It is supervised by a Dungkhag Drangpon. Different forms of business allowed to operate and the laws governing them Banking business: The banking business in Bhutan is increasing slowly as the country has practiced in modernization. Every bank in Bhutan is established by following Financial Institution Act of Bhutan and The Royal Monetary Authority of Bhutan Act, 1982. The Royal Monetary Authority is responsible to issue the currency, implement the monetary policy, organize financial institution activities, and hold the governments foreign exchange earnings. Non-banking financial institution also set up to contribute countrys economic growth. Telecom business: Bhutan telecom industry is growing day by day. The government of Bhutan is giving the excusive opportunities to develop this sector. Every company who is related to telecom business must be practiced the Bhutan Telecom Act. The renowned companies such as Alcatel-Lucent, Cisco, Ericsson, Huawei, Motorola, Nokia Siemens Networks, Nortel and Tellabs are doing their business successfully effectively in Bhutan. Medical health care business: Bhutans medical health care systems are urbanized in the early 1960s. In that time, a department of public health and the opening of new medical hospital are established to serve the Bhutanese people but have no medical law. At present time, all medical hospitals and health care centre are pursued cite as Medical and Health Council Act, 2002 Medical Act of the Kingdom of Bhutan. Postal Business: The Bhutan postal system is facing to alarming change in the 1990. The national postal network consists of 90 channels which is included by 2 General Post Offices, 43 Post Offices, 3 Agency Post Offices and 42 Community Mail Offices. And it is followed cite as Bhutan Postal Corporation Act, 1999. At present fax, Internet, e-mail or electronic bill payments is the core postal business in Bhutan. Information Media Business: The Infocomm and media authority in Bhutan are doing hard job to develop this sector. A law is passed on information media sector and it refer to Bhutan Information, Communication Media Act, 2006. The Bhutanese government make easy to increase speed growth of the ICT and media markets and pick up delivery of services. Transport Services: The Road Safety Transport Authority (RSTA) has begun to provide transport services in Bhutan in an organized way. The government of Bhutan made up a law for maintaining the transportation services mention as The Road Act of the Kingdom of Bhutan, 2004 and Road safety Transportation Act, 1999. At present condition, the numbers of transports are increased rapidly during the last decades. Dispute resolution procedures/options available and their effectiveness The dispute resolution procedures/options available are accomplished in the place designed by The Royal Government of Bhutan. Its main function is to deal with complex matters facts and find out a effective solution as soon as possible. For example, Royal Government of Bhutan is formed a hydropower projects to account for the relevant legal, technical, environmental, social and financial issues. Laws relating to Copyrights: The copyright act of Bhutan was cited as The Copyright Act of the Kingdom of Bhutan, 2001. This law has become especially relevant because of tremendous growth of the use of internet. The rights under copyright are encouraged to the authors and artists by securing their works and derive income from them. Trademarks: Bhutan is a tiny country moving the northern border of India and adjourning Nepal. The trademarks law has made recently in Bhutan in 1997 that is followed by the Industrial Property Regulation 1997. The registration of trademarks create great value to a business- the owner of the registered trademark can use in many ways, he/she can earn the exclusive legal rights to use and licensing or selling it within Bhutan for his products or services. Patents: A patent is a contract between the government of Bhutan and an inventor. It provides protection for the creation to the owner of the patent. Generally, it is followed by Industrial property Regulation 1997 and it is granted for a restricted time such as 20 years in Bhutan. Actually, Patents present incentives to persons by offering them to acknowledgment for their creative work and material reward for their saleable inventions. These incentives persuade innovation which declares that the quality of human life needs continuously improvement. Designs: In general design means a products overall form and functions. The designs law is controlled by the Industrial Property Regulation 1997. Truly, designs are applied in individually crafted products like technical and medical instrument and luxury items, electrical appliances, cars, architectural structures, textile designs, furniture, toys, household products, sports equipment, product packaging and containers etc. Answer to the Assignment Question No. 3 Globalization Unilever is the leading united global foods and home and personal care Company in the world. It is rising powerfully in developing and emerging markets to fight with other competitors. In an age of globalization, Unilevers neighboring bosses are becoming kings who take vital strategic decisions separately. There are replication and even triplication of corporate formations, generating needless complications. The effects of globalization are influenced strongly to Unilevers worldwide businesses. When Unilever starts operations in Indonesia and South Africa and more newly in Vietnam, have specified them a more exhaustively understanding of their crashes on the local economy. In 1995, Unilever had started its operations in Vietnam and this company maintained close relationship with its suppliers because they were accounting because the companys production volume was 40 per cent, its raw materials were 20 per cent and 87 per cent of its packaging materials. Unilever Company-the supplier relationship was meaningful because both parties needed one another to be succeeded. Unilever roped its suppliers through training and technology transfers. It also proposed them such kind of financial support to raise their equipment. In turn, the suppliers were supplied to Unilever with sophisticated packaging facilities. This relationship are encouraged Unilever to set up their business globally and they are also learned how treat to global suppliers competitor for establishing their position in the peak. However, Unilever also faces negative effects that changes it global strategy. Recession in America will contain unplanned effects in the rest of the world. On the other hand, prices for food merchandise and energy will stay inflexibly sky-scraping. Like most of its opponents, Unilever will include to enlarge its prices for food as well as household and personal-care products. As a result, it hits sales of Unilever products especially in emerging economies. ÂÂ   Developments in information, Communications and Technology (including internet) Unilever has done its informational activities through an automation process by using the internet. At present, Unilevers automation systems are so much developed. They collect and distribute their all information by a computerization system which is involved with internet. As a result, the customers of Unilever get easily its company information, about new brands, its research project news and so on in their global website. The Communication strategy of Unilever are residential tied into the points of the project such as awareness, understanding, buy in, commitment and post go-live with precise materials and explicit messages urbanized for each segment and targeted at various viewers clusters. Unilevers communication process is too easy to understand for their employees. Hues innovative technologies which fulfill different audience groups demand. Unilever are deployed a completely new technology infrastructure using Microsoft Premier Support. Unilever IT department handles E-mail, Active Directory, and other services distributed globally to the entire Unilever personnel. Its older technology was missed key capabilities, lost huge productive time because of unexpected outages. But now Unilevers new technology named active directory to assist control the identities and relationships that formulate the Unilever network environment. Unilever diminishes the hazard of method downtime and break to business users by using the new technology. The progress in e-mail and system accessibility permits employees to continue productive. Culture Corporate Culture Unilever managers are specified extensive training, and their career development is timepiece over carefully. A well-built corporate culture are facilitated to turn Unilevers management into the middle binding compel of the company and avoiding it from becoming a conglomerate still at its most branched out. There are little weird people in the upper ranks of Unilever and contrasted to most companies. Moreover, Unilever are eminent worldwide by capable and qualified management. Corporate Governance Corporate governance changes the compliance costs involvement for Unilevers international businesses to get together different regulatory needs in other jurisdictions. The accounting standards are one instant prospect for faster co-operation. Both parts of Atlantic are expensive and incompetent to assemble different standards. So, the recent opportunities are moved with time to greater union. The settlements are unquestionable in terms of amplified Unilevers cross-border investment, its deeper international capital markets and lower costs for this company. Power Unilever Already has a global power based in England Netherlands and this renowned company is trading with virtually all parts of the word. After establishing a year, Unilever easily capture the global market through their attractive brand products and stand a strong position from their competitors. Now, Unilever has over 2000 brand products in whole world and this company are influenced most of the countrys economy. Moreover, this company with no trouble enters any country and established its business quickly rather than other competitors through using free trade agreement facilities. No governments are pressured this company by their political power because Unilever is an associate of a number of powerful lobby groups on the national, European, regional and the global level. Politics Since 1960s the political risks of promising countries are rising day by day. A figure of countries are nationalized to Unilever businesses. Foreign organizations are subject to compound controls on prices, imports, production, dividends, borrowings, remittances, expatriate employment and salaries. The governments are limited to the payment of dividends service fees that is a rush of demand for local fairness contribution. Consequently, many large US firms such as IBM and Coca Cola both left India in 1970. But Unilever are developed into a master at delaying tactics. They are also using its widespread contacts and trying to make goodwill in numerous countries to adapt regulations and good dealing with governments. Sometimes, the most important market corruptions of Unilever are increased in corporate and public life. However, Unilevers strong policy and exclusive decision are helped to overcome that situation. Law Unilever and its employees are required to obey with the laws and regulations of the countries in which they operate. As a multinational company Unilever are spreading their businesses worldwide and but every countries legislation system is vary from country to country. So, according to various countries legislation procedures, Unilever also changes their legal system, creating different law policies for different countries. And they try to treat with their employees, customers, suppliers and competitors in a legal way which country they operate. But lack of conscious they are facing trouble such in India, Unilever violated the Indian labor Law. Due to these reasons they lost their market position. Choice Unilever is one of the worlds largest consumer products companies that are marketing a wide range of foods and home and personal care products. The Unilever products including skincare products are shaped based on elevated safety and physical condition standards and are all permitted by BPOM as evident in the BPOM registration number printed on the packaging of each product. At present time, most of the consumers in global market choice Unilever products because of ensuring safety and high quality. Consumers to be more careful when purchasing the products such as giving attention to the following selling price, checking the BPOM registration number, also checking name of manufacturer which are printed on the packaging and finally observing the packaging quality. Without doubt Unilever are succeeding to fill up the consumers all expectation in an organized way. Thus, Unilever detain its position in the consumers mind easily. Conclusion: Before we finish this assignment, we are focused on Unilevers product extension and the enhancement of its quality to combine perfectly with the ethical issues. This business organization is being extended to force growth in the long run even though short-term success may be impacted in the asset stage successfully establish its position in the global market. Moreover, Bhutan also pursues a well-organized legal system. Its laws regulations are relevant to business oriented and it helps to create new business opportunities.

Repatriation: Africa in the Horizon :: essays papers

Repatriation: Africa in the Horizon The idea of the repatriation of Blacks to Africa is a theme that runs deeply within Rastafarian beliefs. Although the concept of Ethiopia being the true and glorious home of all Blacks is imbedded in Rastafarian beliefs, the idea dates much farther back in history. Dating back to the African slave trade beginning in the eighteenth century, Ethiopianism has influenced the Black race dramatically. People such as Marcus Garvey have raised the world’s awareness of the oppression of the Black race and his solution of repatriation. Garvey believed that if Blacks could have a land of their own, where they could prosper and gain power then the world would have to respect this nation and it’s people. (Barrett, 1997, P.68-69) Contrary to the original idea of actual movement to Africa, recently a new idea has surfaced about repatriation. This idea is that repatriation should begin with internal liberation and a connection with Africa. Therefore, instead of a literal movement to Africa it is a mental connection to Africa. (Barrett, 1997, P.172) Repatriation is a complex idea that is understood in several different ways. The underlying principle of repatriation is that Blacks have faith and hope in overcoming centuries of oppression by reconnecting to their roots and a time of prosperity. Repatriation is not only a religious belief for Rastafarians but it also has served as a worldwide theme of Black Nationalism and unification. Not all Africans that were taken from Africa and sold in "The New World" were from Ethiopia, but that is the designated destination of the repatriation movements. The most obvious reason for this is because it was in Ethiopia that Haile Selassie ruled. This would explain why Rastafarians would desire to repatriate to Ethiopia. The following quote explains the Rastafarian connection to Ethiopia. Ithiopia represents a tangible reality within the transitory flesh; spirit more powerful than flesh, the reality of the indestructible Irit, the umbilical chord of creation rooted in the core of the personality, the illusive link with Jah and the breaking asunder of the psychosociological bonds of mental slavery which have pauperised and plagued West Indian psyche for 400 years in the Diaspora. (Faristzaddi) Another reason why Ethiopia is the destination for repatriation is that historically it is revered as the home of one of the most advanced civilizations. Historians believe that Ethiopians and Egyptians were the same people and that they were members of the Black race.

The Arctic Tundra :: Antarctica Nature Wildlife Environmental Essays

The Arctic Tundra The Tundra is located in the northern regions of North America, Europe, Asia, as well as a few regions of Antarctica. The Tundra is the second largest vegetation zone in Canada. It can be divided clearly into three different sections: the High Arctic Tundra, the Low Arctic Tundra and the Alpine Tundra. The latter Alpine Tundra occurs in higher altitudes such as mountains whereas the first two are mainly based in plains and lowlands of some kind. The Low Arctic Tundra is the transmission point to the north. It is located above Canada's Boreal forests and is followed by the High Arctic Tundra. The High Arctic Tundra is located farther north and encompasses the Arctic circle as well as most of the western Northwest Territories. Generally though since climate more or less corresponds to vegetation zones, the Tundra is located in Arctic climate areas. Temperature The Tundra suffers a very harsh climate. Because of this fact most of the area remains barren save for a few shrubs and lichens. It's winters last from 8-10 months and the summers are cool and short. Also due to the fact that much of it's territory is located within the northern pole a lot of the Tundra receives alternating 6 month periods of light and dark. This is also the reason why the Tundra receives cold weather; at it's degree of latitude the suns rays end up hitting the region obliquely, thus causing less solar heat. Here are the temperatures of the Tundra in general: Average January temperature: -32.1 degrees Celsius Average July temperature: +4.1 degrees Celsius Temperature range: 36.2 degrees Celsius Average annual temperature: -17 degrees Celsius Lowest temperature recorded: -52.5 degrees Celsius Highest temperature recorded: +18.3 degrees Celsius After seeing these temperatures you can see the reason why barely anyone lives up there and why there is rather little natural vegetation. Seasons And Moisture Content The main seasons of the Tundra are summer and winter. The winter will last 8 to 10 months followed by the short and much less cold summer. During the summer some lower areas of the Tundra will defrost at which point most of the flora and fauna will start to creep out of hiding. The few summer months are used by many animals such as the polar bear, to mate and to prepare for the once again oncoming winter. During the winter months most everything remains frozen. Many of the animals migrate south for the winter whereas some stay behind or even group together for ritual group suicide (lemmings). There is little precipitation all year long in the Tundra. The average yearly total is 136 mm, out of which 83. The Arctic Tundra :: Antarctica Nature Wildlife Environmental Essays The Arctic Tundra The Tundra is located in the northern regions of North America, Europe, Asia, as well as a few regions of Antarctica. The Tundra is the second largest vegetation zone in Canada. It can be divided clearly into three different sections: the High Arctic Tundra, the Low Arctic Tundra and the Alpine Tundra. The latter Alpine Tundra occurs in higher altitudes such as mountains whereas the first two are mainly based in plains and lowlands of some kind. The Low Arctic Tundra is the transmission point to the north. It is located above Canada's Boreal forests and is followed by the High Arctic Tundra. The High Arctic Tundra is located farther north and encompasses the Arctic circle as well as most of the western Northwest Territories. Generally though since climate more or less corresponds to vegetation zones, the Tundra is located in Arctic climate areas. Temperature The Tundra suffers a very harsh climate. Because of this fact most of the area remains barren save for a few shrubs and lichens. It's winters last from 8-10 months and the summers are cool and short. Also due to the fact that much of it's territory is located within the northern pole a lot of the Tundra receives alternating 6 month periods of light and dark. This is also the reason why the Tundra receives cold weather; at it's degree of latitude the suns rays end up hitting the region obliquely, thus causing less solar heat. Here are the temperatures of the Tundra in general: Average January temperature: -32.1 degrees Celsius Average July temperature: +4.1 degrees Celsius Temperature range: 36.2 degrees Celsius Average annual temperature: -17 degrees Celsius Lowest temperature recorded: -52.5 degrees Celsius Highest temperature recorded: +18.3 degrees Celsius After seeing these temperatures you can see the reason why barely anyone lives up there and why there is rather little natural vegetation. Seasons And Moisture Content The main seasons of the Tundra are summer and winter. The winter will last 8 to 10 months followed by the short and much less cold summer. During the summer some lower areas of the Tundra will defrost at which point most of the flora and fauna will start to creep out of hiding. The few summer months are used by many animals such as the polar bear, to mate and to prepare for the once again oncoming winter. During the winter months most everything remains frozen. Many of the animals migrate south for the winter whereas some stay behind or even group together for ritual group suicide (lemmings). There is little precipitation all year long in the Tundra. The average yearly total is 136 mm, out of which 83.

Invictus Explication Essay

Written in the form of a sonnet, William Ernest Henleys poem â€Å"Invictus† describes the continuos battle against darkness and sin that every human being experiences in his or her life. â€Å"Invictus† is formatted in four stanzas with four lines each and every stanza serves a separate purpose then the stanzas before. Henley reveals one of the major themes of this poem through the words â€Å"My head is bloody, but unbowed† (8). This line at the end of stanza two displays that everybody will endure struggles at some point in their life, but they cannot let those struggles complete destroy hemselves. Each stanza not only introduces realistic struggles and hardships that human beings face, but they also illustrate how humans can triumph over those hardships. For example, the very beginning of the poem starts off with â€Å"Out of the night that covers me/ Black as the pit from pole to pole† implying that darkness and wickedness surround someone’s life (1-2). Later on in the beginning of stanzas two and three words such as â€Å"fell clutch/†¦ horror of the shade’†¦ [and] menace of the years† also introduce a dark and gloomy tone to the poem (4,9-10). Once the gloomy tone has een presented, Henley quickly switches gears and flips the tone to one of strength and encouragement; The transition of tones is exhibited in strong language such as â€Å"l have not winced, nor cried aloud† (6). Henley formats each stanza in a way where the reader leaves with positive thoughts as he or she continues reading. All throughout the poem, every line contains either a positive or negative tone; however, the order in which the lines are written change with each stanza. Rather than simply alternating between positive and negative tones with each line, Henley hanges not only the orders but also the amount of the positive and negative lines within each stanza. For example, the first stanza contains two negatively toned lines that are followed by two positive lines, but the second stanza alternates from negative to positive. By altering the order of the lines, Henley hints at the fact that life can throw good or bad things at you in any order. Different from all other stanza’s, the third stanza contains three negatively toned lines and only one positively toned line. The stanza begins â€Å"Beyond this place of wrath and tears/ Looms but the Horror of the shade/ and yet the menace of the years† creating an extremely dark and malicious feel to the stanza (9-11). However, the maliciousness is shown to be ineffective to this person as the â€Å"menace of the years/ finds and shall find [him/her] unafraid† (11-12). Since stanza three contains three negatively toned lines in a row, it indicates that life can become absolutely overwhelming with darkness and evil, but no matter how hopeless life may seem people always have the choice to fight and â€Å"be unafraid†. The themes of self-reliance and survival present themselves strongly in the last stanza. Essentially, Henleys â€Å"Invictus† can be summed up with one simple statement: humans control their own lives, they have been given the authority to do whatever they desire. The use of the words â€Å"Master† and â€Å"Captain† in lines 15-16 prove this statement because both masters and captains are leaders who are inclined to make their own decisions. These lasts lines ultimately prove that people are in control of in their own hands. Whether a person ends up down the road of triumph or defeat falls complete upon his or herself because â€Å"[they] are the Masters of [their] fate/ [they] are the Captains of [their] soul† (15-16).